SKKN Using project work as a supplement to promote 11th graders’ autonomy in online classes

nglish online lessons.
In order to receive believable results for the study, experimental teaching periods in which applying project work have been conducted with the participation of a number of 11th form students at Ha Huy Tap high school. The results collected from the study were then analyzed qualitatively. Important findings for the study have been drawn from this analysis.
The results reveal that the use of “project work” for online class can bring about desirable benefits to both teachers and students. The most important finding is that the given tasks make students motivated and feel eager to carry out in each lesson. Also, in our opinion, using project work is a good way to have adaptive activities in teaching which makes lessons more successful.
We ourselves find it is relaxing to be a facilitator, a guider, an adviser, an observer, a co-learner instead of being a translator and a leader, for all the activities in the classroom. Both students and teachers felt the sense that we are co-learners and cooperators as well.
However, the application of the study and the presentation of activities in reality is still limited due to such many subjective and objective reasons as unstable internet transmission, class size, mix-leveled students, etc.
5.2. Suggestion
The research has thrown up some project work in 8 lessons in Tieng Anh 11 in need of urgent teaching online situation during pandemic time.
As for the implication of the study, some detailed suggestions are recommended within the wish to contribute to the improvement of the teaching and learning online in the new textbook “Tieng Anh 11”. Besides, it is also suggested that further research and application should be intensive and extensive to other grades and schools to reduce repetitive tasks in the textbook and make them more challenging to learners.
Thanks for your reading!
REFERENCES
Bibliography:
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Benson, P., & Voller, P. (Eds.),1997. Autonomy and independence in language learning. New York: Longman. 270 pages.
Benson, P., 2001. Teaching and researching autonomy in language learning. London: Longman. 296 pages.
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Brown, H. (2001). Teaching by Principles : An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy (2nd ed.). New York: A Pearson Education Company.
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Webliography:
1. Project-Based Learning, Edutopia, 2016, March 14. Retrieved from 
APPENDIX 1: QUESTIONNAIRE 
This questionnaire is designed for research purposes only and is done on an anonymous basis. All the information will be kept confidential. Your assistance in completing the survey is appreciated. Work as quickly as you can without being careless.
Thank you very much for your cooperation!
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Full name: (optional)...
Age: ...
Gender: 	Male: ¨	Female: ¨
Where do you come from? 	Rural areas: ¨	Urban areas: ¨
How long have you been learning English? .......................................................
QUESTIONS
Each statement is based on your experience to complete the chart. There is no right or wrong answer. All your answers will be confidential and will be utilized for research only. Your opinion is very significant for this research. Based on your experience, please check the most appropriate answer to each statement.
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly
Agree
1.I think I can comprehend English
better when doing project





2.I think I have the confidence to
overcome some difficulties while
learning.





3.I think collaboration with my classmates helps to improve my command of English





4.In addition to the given assignments by the teacher, I have a clear plan to prepare lesson extensively on my own.





5.Outside of class, I make the most practise English.





6.I like trying new techniques and applying technology while crediting the project presentation.





7.It is encougeous for me to put newly learned English techniques into practice.





8.I can consciously apply effective
strategies to enhance my English.





9.I can consciously monitor the usage of autonomy in learning






APPENDIX 2: PRE-TEST
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 
One of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the Great Pyramid of Giza was a monument of wisdom and prophecy built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in 2720 B.C. Despite its antiquity, certain aspects of its construction make it one of the truly great wonders of the world. The thirteen-acre structure near the Nile River is a solid mass of stone blocks covered with limestone. Inside are a number of hidden passageways and the burial chamber for the Pharaoh. It is the largest single structure in the world. The four sides of the pyramid are aligned almost exactly on true north, south, east, and west – an incredible engineering feat. The ancient Egyptians were sun worshipers and great astronomers, so computations for the Great Pyramid were based on astronomical observations. 
Explorations and detailed examinations of the base of the structure reveal many intersecting lines. Further scientific study indicates that these represent a type of timeline of events – past, present, and future. Many of the events have been interpreted and found to coincide with known facts of the past. Others are prophesied for future generations and are currently under investigation. Many believe that pyramids have supernatural powers, and this one is no exception. Some researchers even associate it with extraterrestrial beings of the ancient past. Was this superstructure made by ordinary beings, or one built by a race far superior to any known today?
1. The word “intersecting” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. crossing 	B. aligning 	C. observing 	D. cutting 
2. What do the intersecting lines in the base symbolise?
A. Architects' plans for the hidden passages. 
B. Pathways of the great solar bodies. 	
C. Astrological computations.
D. Dates of important events taking place throughout time. 
3. The word "prophesied” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. affiliated 	B. precipitated 	C. terminated 	D. foretold 
4. Extraterrestrial beings are ____.
A. very strong workers 	B. astronomers in the ancient times 
C. researchers in Egyptology	D. living beings from other planets 
5. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Symbolism of the Great Pyramid 
B. Problems with the Construction of the Great Pyramid 
C. Wonders of the Great Pyramid of Giza
D. Exploration of the Burial Chamber of Cheops 
 KEY: 1.A 2. D 3.D 4.D 5.C
APPENDIX 2: POST-TEST 1
The ruined temples of Angkor are perhaps one of the mast impressive Seven Wonders of the World. Located in modern day Cambodia near Lake TonIe Sap, the largest freshwater lake in Asia, Angkor was the seat of power for the Khmer Empire from the ninth to the fifteenth century. The ruins of Angkor are d9cumented as same .of the mast impressive ones in the world, rivaling the pyramids of Giza in Egypt. Why this mighty civilization died out is a question that archeologists are now only beginning to ponder. The answer, it turns out, may be linked with the availability of fresh water. 
One possible explanation far the downfall of the Khmer Empire has to do with the inhabitants' irrigation system. The temple and palaces of Angkor were constructed around a series of artificial reservoirs and canals which were annually flooded to capacity by the Mekong River. Once filled, they were used to irrigate the surrounding rice patties and farmland during the course of the year. Farmers were completely dependent upon the water for their crucial rice crop. Without consistent irrigation, the farmers would have been unable to maintain functional crop production. 
Scientists speculate that toward the end of the Khmer Empire the hydraulic systems of the reservoirs and canals broke down. The construction of hundreds of sandstone temples and palaces required an enormous amount of physical labor. In addition, as the capital of the Khmer Empire, Angkor contained upwards of one hundred thousand people who resided in and around Angkor. In order to feed so many people, the local farmers were driven to grow food quicker and more efficiently. After centuries of continual use, the irrigation system was pushed beyond its capacity. Soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and the loss of water led to decrease in the food supply. With less food available, the people of Angkor slowly began to migrate to other parts of Cambodia thus leaving the marvelous city of Angkor to be swallowed by the jungle. Therefore, it is speculated that the Khmer Empire may have fallen victim to its own decrepit infrastructure.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
a. Modern day agricultural procedures in Cambodia.
b. A possible explanation for the, decline of a civilization.
c. The essential role water plays in farming. 
d. Religious temples of the ancient Khmer Empire.
2. The passage preceding the passage most likely discusses ______.
a. architecture of ancient Asian civilization
b. religious practices of the people of Angkor
c. the form of government practiced by the Khmer Empire
d. the other six wonders of the world
3. According to the passage, Lake Tonle Sap in Cambodia ______.
a. is an enormous fresh body of water in Asia
b. was unable to supply enough fish for the people of Angkor
c. became polluted due to a population explosion
d. is one of the Seven Wonders of the World
4. Why does the author mention the hydraulic systems of the reservoirs?
a. They supplied irrigation from the Indian Ocean.
b. They became non-functional due to overuse.
c. They were destroyed by nearby warrior tribes.
d. They helped transport the sandstones for constructing temples.
5.All the following are mentioned as events that can affect food supply EXCEPT.
a. erosion of soil 	b. contamination of soil
c. reduction of nutrients 	d. loss of water supply
KEY: 1b 2d 3a 4b 5b
APPENDIX 3: POST-TEST2
Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
Taj Mahal, a mausoleum in Agra, India, regarded as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan had it built in memory of his wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal (Persian for "Elect of the Palace"), who died in 1631. 
Building commenced about 1632. The mausoleum was complete by about 1643 and the surrounding complex of buildings and gardens was complete by about 1653. Situated on the southern bank of the Yamuna River, the white marble mausoleum is composed of four identical facades, each containing a large central arch 33 m (108 ft) high. A large bulb-shaped dome, over 73 m (240 ft) tall, rises over the center, with four smaller domes surrounding it. The building is raised on a square podium with a minaret at each corner. It is flanked by two red sandstone buildings-a mosque and its replica, the Jawab (Answer), a building of which the main function is visual balance. Visitors approach the Taj Mahal through an imposing red sandstone gate, decorated with inscriptions from the Muslim holy book, the Qur'an (Koran). The gate and accompanying walls also contain a vast, geometrically laid out garden, 305 m (1,002 ft) on each side. The enclosed garden, itself a Muslim symbol of paradise, is centered on a large, raised pool. Canals divide it into four equal parts, each containing flower beds, fountains, and cypress trees (symbols of death).
Inside the Taj Mahal, the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal stands at the center of an octagonal hall, while the slightly larger tomb of Shah Jahan, who died in 1666, is off to one side. Both are elaborately carved and inlaid with semiprecious stones, illuminated by sunlight filtering through an elaborately carved marble screen that is also studded with jewels. 
1. What is the Taj Mahal?
a. A temple 	b. A monument 	c. A tomb 	d. A shrine
2. Which of the following is not true?
a. The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughah emperor Shah Jahan.
b. It took approximately 20 years to complete the mausoleum.
c. The front of the building is similar in all sides.
d. The mausoleum has four domes around it.
3. The word 'minaret' in line 11 is closest in meaning to ______.
a. tower 	b. mosque 	c. altar 	d. statue
4. The Jawab ______.
a. is a mosque where people worship
b. has a main function of decorating.
c. was decorated with inscriptions from the Koran
d. was built by red stones
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is false?
a. The garden of the Taj Mahal is a Muslim symbol of paradise.
b. In beauty of design and rich decorative detail, Taj Mahal is one of the best buildings in the world.
c. The Mughah emperor Shah Jahan died 35 years after his wife.
d. The tombs of Shah Jahan's and his wife are located at the center of the mausoleum.
KEY: 1c 2d 3a 4b 5d