SKKN The effectiveness of flipped classroom on enhancing 10th grade students’ English grammar learning at Quy Hop 3 High School

s in Quy Hop 3 high school 
will help to take the control that had previously been held exclusively by teachers 
and put it in the hands of the learners, helping them be autonomous, develop 
communicative skills, and achieve higher proficiency levels. 
2. Applicabilties of the experiments 
This study aimed to explore the effects of the flipped classroom approach on 
Quy Hop 3 high school learners’ grammar proficiency and their perceptions of the 
flipped learning approach over the course of eight weeks. The results indicated that 
flipped learning had a positive impact on improving students’ knowledge and usage 
of grammar; therefore, teachers had better apply this effective method more 
regularly and come up with different ways to innovate and improve the quality of 
in-class activities in order to make each lesson of English grammar become an 
interesting and exciting environment for students to enhance their ability. 
The suggestion of the whole study was that applying flipped classroom method 
should be used more popularly to teach English grammar for students. The first 
explanation for this was the great and impactful effects of the technique to the 
 41 
students’grammar learning, which were presented through the results of the 
research. Another possible explanation could be mentioned was the interest that the 
method can bring to the students. 
Also, it can be concluded from the results of the tests that students’ insufficiency of 
access to flipped classroom is considered as the most challenging feature in 
implementing it in teaching English, especially teaching grammar . With a view to 
addressing this issue, teachers should design appropriate and short videos that are 
very simple for students to understand and follow. The videos should include several 
examples related to the grammar rule. These examples should be supported by 
pictures to aid comprehension. Additionally, the teachers need to organize more 
activities using flipped classroom to motivate students. 
3. Limitations of the study 
The study still contains some points that should be noted. Initially, because of 
the limitation of time, I can just conduct three phases. The major limitation of this 
study lies in the fact that it only uses one group in an experimental research 
methodology. It has only examined the flipped classroom using one element of 
classroom methodology, which is pre-class , video lessons instead of being 
conducted in all the grades at this school. In addition , the research still has some 
limitations in data collection and analysis. Another limitation is that some students 
faced initial discomfort at the beginning of the intervention because they were not 
accustomed to flipped learning. Therefore, the teachers who are planning to 
implement flipped learning approaches should consider the discomfort that students 
might face in adjusting to new pedagogical instruction. Moreover, another thing to 
mention is time of taking teachers' teaching. Last but not least, the research should 
be conducted more in reality. In other words, we need to really carry out some 
classes applying new activities. 
4. Recommendations for further study 
Hopefully, the limitations mentioned above will help other researchers gain 
useful experiences in their further related studies. First and foremost, we should 
enlarge the number of research participants. In addition, the effectiveness of this 
method will be recognized more easily if researchers spend more time observing 
more lessons. It is also better if further researchers have an opportunity for real 
teaching time that this activity is applied. A quasi-experimental study comparing the 
flipped classroom approach to conventional classroom approaches is recommended 
for future research. Large randomised controlled and lengthier trials could provide 
definitive evidence on the flipped classroom in the context. Future research might 
also investigate the relationship between students’ level of language proficiency, age 
and gender and the flipped classroom methodology. Finally, it is hoped that these 
suggestions are able to help researchers to have better experience for their studies.
 PREFERENCES 
1. Tiếng Anh 10- Student’s book - Education Publishing House and Pearson 
2. Tiếng Anh 10- Teacher’s book - Education Publishing House and Pearson 
3. Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: reach every student in 
every class every day. Washington, 
DC: International Society for Technology in Education 
4. AlRowais, A. S. (2014). The Impact of Flipped Learning on Achievement and 
Attitudes In Higher Education. 
5. Basal, A. (2015). The implementation of a flipped classroom in foreign language 
teaching. Turkish Online 
Journal of Distance Education, 16(4). 
6. Hung, H. T. (2015). Flipping the classroom for English language learners to foster 
active learning. Computer 
Assisted Language Learning, 28(1), 81-96. 
7. DewiSuryani, A. (2014). The use of “flipping classroom” for teaching story-
telling to the tenth graders. Ejournal of Universitas Negeri Surabaya. 
8. Educause Learning Initiativ. (2012). 7 things you should know about flipped 
classrooms. Retrieved from 
9. Educause Learning Initiativ. (2012). 7 things you should know about flipped 
classrooms. Retrieved from 
10. Flumerfelt, S., & Green, G. (2013). Using lean in the flipped classroom for at 
risk students. Educational 
Technology & Society, 16(1), 356-366. 
11. Hamdan, N., & McKnight, P. (2013). A review of flipped learning. Flipped 
Learning Network. Retrieved from 
12. Han, Y. J. (2015). Successfully flipping the ESL classroom for learner 
autonomy. NYS TESOL Journal, 2(98), 98-109. 
13. Sung, K. (2015). A case study on a flipped classroom in an EFL content course. 
Multimedia- Assisted Language Learning, 18(2), 159-187 
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 APPENDIX 1: PRE - TEST 
Time: 20 minutes 
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions. 
Question 1: Jenny often ____ jeans and T-shirt at school but she ____ a gorgeous dress 
today. 
A. wears - is wearing B. is wearing - wears 
C. wear - is wearing D. wears - wears 
Question 2: He usually ____ her at weekend but now he ____ in bed because of his 
severe illness. 
A. visits/stays B. visits/staying C. visited/stays D. visits/is 
staying 
Question 3: Hoang and Phong ____ football as they’re having class now. 
 A. don’t play B. are playing C. doesn’t play D. aren’t 
playing 
Question 4: Don’t make noise, children! Parents____. 
 A. sleep B. are sleeping C were sleeping D. slept 
Question 5: Look! Minh ____ on stage. She looks so beautiful. 
 A. sings B. are singing C. is singing D. sang 
Question 6: I am busy at the moment, I _______ my home assignment. 
 A. do B. am doing C. have been doing D. will do 
Question 7: After the physics lesson, the children know that water ____ at 100 degrees 
C. 
 A. will boil B. is boiling C. boils D. boil 
Question 8: Hoang ____ his email four times a week in order not to miss anything 
important. 
 A. checks B. will check C. is checking D. check 
Question 9: At the moment, my sister ____ her homework, my brother ____ games. 
 A. is making - is playing B. is doing - is playing 
 C. does - plays D. makes - is playing 
Question 10: Hurry up, Linh. Other friends ____ for us. 
 A. are waiting B. waits C. wait D. is waiting 
 Question 11:It’s 7.00 p.m. now and we __meal together. We usually ___dinner at that 
time. 
A. have - eat B. have - are eating 
C. are having - eat D. are having - are eating 
Question 12: Ms. Kim ____ very well when she’s under pressure. 
 A. not work B. don’t work C. isn’t working D. doesn’t 
work 
Question 13: Hoa usually ____ charge of doing the washing-up in her family. 
 A. takes B. is taking C. take D. will take 
Question 14: My mom ____ to the supermarket every Sunday for shopping. 
 A. goes B. go C. is going D. are going 
Question 15: I’m sorry, Lan is busy now. She ____ her document on the second floor. 
 A. are checking B. check C. checks D. is 
checking 
Question 17: Who ____ the guitar in that room, Hoa? 
 A. playing B. is playing C. play D. plays 
Question 18: My mother often _____ to the market in the morning, but today she 
_______ at noon. 
 A. goes/goes B. go/goes C. goes/is going D. is 
going/goes 
Question 19: Bich sometimes ____ chicken noodle soup for breakfast. 
 A. are having B. is having C. have D. has 
Question 20:____ she ____ in Hue at the moment? 
 A. Does/live B. Is/living C. Did/live D. 
Was/living 
 APPENDIX 2: POST- TEST 
Time: 25 minutes 
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the 
following questions 
1. Julia said that she ___________ there at noon. 
A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be 
2. He _______ that he was leaving way that afternoon. 
A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. says to me 
3. She said to me that she __________ to me the Sunday before. 
A. wrote B. has written C. was writing D. had written 
4. I asked Martha ______ to enter law school. 
A. are you planning B. is she planning 
C. was she planning D. if she was planning 
5. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _______. 
A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day 
6. They said that they had been driving through the desert__________. 
A. the previous day B. yesterday C. the last day D. Sunday previously 
7. The man said that money ___________ the passport to everything. 
A. will be B is C. was D. can be 
8. The teacher said Columbus _________America in 1942. 
A. discovered B. had discovered C. was discovering D. would 
discover 
9. Ba said he__________ some good marks the semester before. 
A. gets B. got C. had gotten D. have got 
10. They told their parents that they___________ their best to do the test. 
A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try 
11. '' Where did you go last night''? she said to her boyfriend. 
A. She asked her boyfriend where did he go last night. 
B. She asked her boyfriend where he went the night before. 
C. She asked her boyfriend where had he gone the night before. 
D. She asked her boyfriend where he had gone the night before 
12. '' How long have you lived in Ha Noi''? said my friend. 
 A. My friend asked me how long have I lived in HaNoi. 
B. My friend asked me how long had I lived in HaNoi. 
C. My friend asked me how long I had lived in HaNoi. 
D. My friend asked me how long I have lived in HaNoi. 
13. He said,“I have been a great tutor.” 
A. He said that he had been a great tutor. 
B. He said that he was a great tutor. 
C. He exclaimed that he was a great tutor. 
D. He said that he has been a great tutor.Ap 
14. Mr.Smith said,“We went for a trip to Japan.” 
A. Mr.Smith said that they went for a trip to Japan. 
B. Mr.Smith said that they were on a trip to Japan. 
C. Mr.Smith said that they had gone for a trip to Japan. 
D. Mr.Smith said they went for a trip to Japan.Ap 
15. Anthony said,“I will take care of this matter.” 
A. A.nthony said that he would take care of that matter. 
B. Anthony said that he will take care of that matter. 
C. Anthony said that he would take care of this matter. 
D. Anthony said that he will take care of that matter. 
Change the sentences into the reported speech. 
Question 16: They said, “We went to Japan on holiday last week.” 
 _______________________________________________________________ 
Question 17: She said, “I can go home on my own.” 
 _______________________________________________________________. 
Question 18: They said, “We haven’t been to the bank for a long time.” 
 _______________________________________________________________. 
Question 19: He said, “I don’t understand the teacher’s question.” 
 _______________________________________________________________. 
Question 20: Mary said, “I will play cards tomorrow.” 
 _______________________________________________________________. 
 APPENDIX 3: QUESTIONNAIRE 
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS 
Dear student, 
This questionnaire aims to evaluate your opinion regarding watching videos 
at home to help you with grammar lessons. Please answer the following questions 
carefully and honestly. 
Note: Your answer will be confidential. 
Demographic Questions: 
Student’s name (optional):.. 
Grade:. Class:.. 
1- How old are you? 
a. 15 years old 
b. 16 years old 
c. 17 years old 
d. 18 years old 
2- How long have you been using Zalo? 
a. Never 
b. Less than a year. 
c. One year 
d. Two years 
e. More than two years 
Please indicate your attitude toward flipped classrooms in “Tiếng Anh 10” by 
ticking the appropriate column. 
No Statements 
Strongly 
Disagree 
Disagree Neutral 
Agree 
Strongly 
Agree 
1 
 In flipped 
classrooms, I 
communicated lot 
with other students. 
2 
 During the last 
grammar lessons, I 
 communicated with 
the teacher. 
3 
3. During the last 
grammar lessons, I 
have had to work 
hard 
to learn by myself. 
4 
The exercises I have 
worked on during the 
grammar lessons deal 
with real life 
applications. 
5 
The availability of 
grammar lessons as 
videos helped 
students to use the 
grammar knowledge 
in writing and 
speaking tasks. 
6 
During the last 
grammar lessons, I 
have applied my out-
of- class experiences 
7 
During the last 
grammar lessons, I 
have explored my 
own 
strategies for 
learning. 
8 
I needed technical 
assistance to watch 
the videos on Zalo 
9 
Availability and 
access to technical 
support and resources 
have helped me 
improve my learning. 
 10 
I would choose to 
take another class 
using video activities 
at home. 
11 
 I like the routine of 
watching the videos 
at home and then 
doing activities about 
them in class. 
Thanks for your cooperation! 
 SEMI- STRUCTURED INTERVIEW 
1. Do you prefer traditional classes or flipped classes? Why? 
2. Do you think that flipped classrooms enhance students' communicative skills? 
3. Do you think that flipped classrooms enhance students' reading skills? 
4. Do you think that students feel more comfortable when they can display the 
provided material at any time they want? 
5. How does the flipped classroom enhance the students listening and speaking 
skills? 
6. Do you think that a flipped classroom can enrich the students' personalities? 
7. What are the main advantages that the students can gain by using the flipped 
classroom? 
8. Do you recommend your students to watch extra videos or to search for further 
information? 
9. What are the main drawbacks of flipped learning? 
10.Which prominent skills do you think that flipped learning develops the most? 
 APPENDIX 4: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 
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