SKKN Adapting reading tasks in the new textbook “Tieng Anh 11” to improve students’ reading comprehension
Of the four language skills, reading seems to have received a great deal of attention from researchers in second language teaching. It is considered “the most important of the four skills in a second language, particularly in English as a second or foreign language” (Carrell, 1981:1). Despite its importance, many teachers of English at high schools find it difficult to get students’ enthusiasm in reading texts. From students’ responses to the survey questions, it can be seen that many of the students feel frustrated at long reading texts with unfamiliar words. Besides, many of them admit that they do not have necessary background knowledge about the topic of the reading texts or even they do not like the topic itself. Consequently, they are not willing to learn reading skill as well as carry out the reading tasks given in the textbook. Another factor that should be considered when we mention the quality of teaching and learning reading skill at high school is the reading tasks given in the textbook. It can be easily noticed that some of the reading tasks are similarly designed in different units, namely answering the questions, choosing the best title, matching words and phrases with their definitions. This, to some extent, causes repetition and boredom to students. In addition, there is a lack of teachers’ flexibility in creating a suitable learning environment for students in class.
Statistics collected from the questionnaire reveal that a large number of students are not confident enough to perform all the given tasks by themselves. Instead, they often rely on their friends as well as reference books for correct answers. As a consequence, students cannot improve their reading comprehension during the process of learning reading skills. In addition, most of the students involved in the survey claim that they prefer working in groups of students with the same level of proficiency in reading classes. Thus, flexible work arrangements in reading class should be taken into consideration to boost students’ motivation and the quality of teaching and learning reading skills. Last but not least, the outbreak of COVID -19 has forced schools to utilize new ways of learning and teaching, including formal and virtual classes. Therefore, adaptations for textbook lessons with the aim of making them easier and more suitable for students’ competence are necessary to reduce their learning pressure. Related to these problems, this study was carried out, entitling: Adapting reading tasks in the new textbook “Tieng Anh 11” to improve students’ reading comprehension.
Tóm tắt nội dung tài liệu: SKKN Adapting reading tasks in the new textbook “Tieng Anh 11” to improve students’ reading comprehension

answers: 1. higher 2. A-level 3. examinations 4. mandatory 5. colleges 6. test 31 5. Activity 5 CONSOLIDATION AND HOMEWORK 2 minutes - Summarize the main points of the lesson - Ask Ss to learn by heart the new words and prepare for the next lesson Sample teaching plan for Unit 10: Healthy lifestyle and longevity Reading lesson: Life expectancy factors I. Objectives: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to 1. Cognition: - use lexical items related to the topic Healthy lifestyle and longevity - identify three factors affecting life expectancy 2. Skills: - developing the ability to follow the logical structure of a text and reading for specific information about factors responsible for the increase in life expectancy 3. Attitude: - actively, creatively and cooperatively participate in and fulfill assigned tasks - be aware of the effects of different factors on their health - build up good habits to stay healthy 4. Competences: - communicative competence - self-control and independent learning - communication and collaboration II. Teaching aids: - textbook, TV, pictures, handouts, zalo (for Ss to send their preparation for the lesson) III. Procedures: 32 1. Activity 1 WARM UP 5 minutes a. Aim: Visualize what the topic is and provide Ss with some background knowledge b. Content: talk about the uses of medical machines c. Outcome: Ss’ oral answers d. Organization: - Ask Ss to look at the pictures, work in groups of 4 to answer the questions - Call on some Ss to give the answers - Elicit comments from the whole class - Give suggested answers: a & b. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanners and X- ray machines take medical images of patients’ internal body parts. MRI images provide a 3D representation of organs, which X-ray usually cannot. 2. Activity 2 PRESENTATION 8 minutes a. Aim: check vocabulary to help Ss remember the words/ phrases and provide some new ones to help Ss understand the content of the reading passage 33 b. Content: elicit words/ phrases from prepared ones c. Outcome: - Ss remember necessary vocabulary related to the topic d. Organization: - Ask Ss to work in pairs to find the words or expressions which have the following meanings. - Go around to offer help if necessary - Call on some Ss to give the answers - Elicit feedback from the whole class - Give correct answers: 1. be attributed to 2. obesity 3. antibiotics 4. vaccine 5. dietary - Ask Ss to take noted these words and phrases with their meanings 3. Activity 3 PRACTICE 20 minutes Activity 1: Read an article about the main factors for the increased life expectancy. Four sentences have been removed from the article. Choose a sentence (a-d) to complete each gap 34 (1-4). (adapted from task 2) a. In the 21st century, scientists continue to look for new ways to treat serious diseases and slow down the ageing process. b. A popular way to relieve stress in today’s busy lifestyles is practicing meditation and yoga. c. This increase can be attributed to three main factors: healthier lifestyles, better nutrition, and advances in medical science and technology. d. Eating more fruits and vegetables, but less fatty foods can reduce the risk of serious diseases. a. Aim: developing the ability to follow the logical structure of a text and reading for specific information about factors responsible for the increase in life expectancy b. Content: choose suitable removed sentences to fill in the text c. Outcome: Ss’answers d. Organization: - Ask Ss to work individually to carry out the task - Instruct them to look at the cues like connectors or repeated words to identify the position of each sentence - Go around to offer help - Have Ss compare their answers with the partner after finishing task - Call on some Ss to explain their answers - Elicit feedback from the whole class - Give final comments on Ss’ answers and provide the key: + Paragraph 1: c + Paragraph 2: b + Paragraph 3: d + Paragraph 4: a Activity 2: Task 4 - Read the text again and answer the questions. 35 a. Aim: help Ss develop scanning skills for specific information and recognize factors affecting longevity b. Content: finish the task and presentation c. Outcome: Ss’ answers d. Organization: - Ask students to do task 4 in groups of 6 - Go around to offer help - Have Ss compare their answers with another group - Check the answers with whole class - Call on some Ss to explain their answers - Elicit corrections from the whole class - Give suggested answers: 1. The three factors are healthier lifestyles, better nutrition and advances in medical science and technology. 2. Smoking, alcohol intake and fast food consumption can increase the risk of heart diseases. 3. Doing regular physical activity and spending more time outdoors can improve the ability of the human body to function well. 4. Because they want to relieve stress. 5. Because the food we eat can affect longevity and dietary changes can boost our immune system. 6. They are the discovery of antibiotics and vaccines, and the development of medical imaging. 4. Activity 4 APPLICATION 10 minutes Task 5: Which of the factors mentioned in the article do you think is the most important. Discuss in groups. a. Aim: use languages to practice in pairs/groups b. Content: finish the task and presentation 36 c. Outcome: Ss’ presentations d. Organization: - Have Ss to work in groups of six to do the task - Ask them to make a list of important factors responsible for the increase in life expectancy: + Healthy lifestyles (physical exercise, low levels of stress and anxiety). + Better nutrition (nutritious diets and dietary changes). + Advances in medical science and technology. - Have Ss choose the most important one and explain their choices - Go around to offer help - Call on some representatives from the groups to present in front of the class - Elicit comments from other Ss - Give final comments on Ss’ presentations 5. Activity 5 CONSOLIDATION AND HOMEWORK 2 minutes - Summarize the main points of the lesson - Ask Ss to learn by heart the new words and prepare for the next lesson 37 PART III: CONCLUSION 1. A summary of the development of the study As stated previously in the first part, the purpose of the study is to suggest some adaptations for reading tasks in the second semester of the textbook “Tieng Anh 11” with a view to helping students improve their reading comprehension. Basically, the study has achieved its aim through thoroughly review of related literature and a combination of methods in designing activities for specific reading lessons. In order to receive reliable results for the study, experimental teaching periods, in which adapted tasks were used, were conducted with the participation of a number of 11th form students at Le Viet Thuat high school. The results collected from the study were then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Important findings for the study have been drawn from this analysis. The results revealed that the application of adapted activities from available tasks in reading lessons can bring about desirable benefits to both teachers and students. The most significant finding was that the employment of the new questions made students motivated and feel easier to carry out reading tasks in reading classes. Also, in my opinion, conducting these tasks with a proper work arrangement was a good way to encourage students to develop their competence as well as make reading lessons more successful. Thus, I recognized that adapting reading tasks is really necessary because they are not always suitable for all teaching contexts. Because of this, teachers should be aware of adapting tasks from the textbook if necessary. 2. Limitations The application tasks adapted from some reading lessons into teaching reading skills in reality is still limited due to such subjective and objective reasons as limited time, class size, mix-leveled students, unsuitable provided activities, students’ learning styles, etc. Thus, to some extent, beside positive results gained from experimental teaching periods, it should be admitted the fact that teaching and learning English reading skills still have been far from satisfaction. 38 What’s more, only 90 students of Le Viet Thuat high school were involved in the study. As a result, it is impossible to generalize the outcomes as well as represent the situation of learning reading skills of the 11th form students of the whole school. 3. Recommendations As for the implication of the study, some detailed suggestions are recommended within the wish to contribute to the improvement of the teaching and learning of reading skills in the textbook “Tieng Anh 11”: - The requirements of reading lessons in the textbook “Tieng Anh 11” should be reconsidered to make it more suitable for student’s different levels of competence and limited time of a reading lesson. Whatever pedagogical approach is applied in reading teaching, it is desirable that reading activities should be integrated into the work of the learners, which need to be made suitable for their objectives and levels of proficiency. - The possible reasons to account for students’ disinterest in learning reading skills may partly lie in the inadequate method of teaching; therefore, teachers of English are required to be flexible in using alternative teaching methods. - Other research on addressing the problems of low reading proficiency and low interest in learning and teaching reading skills should be conducted. The potential research can focus on the implementation of task adaptation in general and application of appropriate techniques in particular. 39 REFERENCES 1. Brown, H. D. (1994). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy. New York, NY: Tina Carver. 2. Carrel, P.L., Devine, J., & Edkey, D.E. (eds). (1981). Interactive Approaches to Second Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3. Harmer, J. (2001). The Practice of Language Teaching, Longman. 4. Hedge, T. (2000). Teaching and learning in the language classroom. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5. Karlin, A. & Kartin, A. R. (1987). Teaching Elementary Reading: Principles and Strategies. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Plublishers. 6. Maley, A. (1998). Squaring the circle-reconciling materials as constraint with materials as empowerment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7. McDonough, J., & Shaw, C. (1993), Materials and Methods in ELT. A Teacher’s Guide, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 8. Penny Ur. (1996). A course in Language Teaching. Practice and Theory, Cambridge University Press. 9. Ministry of education and training. (2017). Tieng Anh 11, Volume 1 and Volume 2. Vietnam Education publisher. Pl-1 APPENDICES Appendix 1: PRELIMINARY SURVEY BẢN THĂM DÒ Ý KIẾN I. Thông tin cá nhân: 1. Nam/ Nữ. 2. Tính đến nay, em đã học Tiếng Anh được . năm. II. Ý kiến về kỹ năng đọc hiểu Tiếng Anh và các bài đọc hiểu trong SGK Tiếng Anh 11 1. Theo em kỹ năng đọc hiểu đóng vai trò rất quan trọng trong việc học Tiếng Anh. 1 2 3 Không đồng ý không biết đồng ý 2. Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc đọc hiểu các bài đọc trong SGK của em là: (em có thể chọn nhiều phương án) A. Bài đọc có quá nhiều từ vựng và cấu trúc mới B. Thiếu kiến thức nền về chủ đề đang đọc C. Yêu cầu của một số bài tập hơi khó D. Không hứng thú với một số dạng bài tập (nêu rõ dạng bài tập nếu có) 2. Theo em các tiết học đọc (reading) ở trường rất thú vị. 1 2 3 Không đồng ý không biết đồng ý III. Cách học các tiết Reading trong SGK Tiếng Anh 11 1. Em thường làm các bài tập đọc hiểu trong SGK như thế nào? A. tự làm B. chép bài của bạn Pl-2 C. chép từ các sách hướng dẫn giải hoặc từ mạng Internet 2. Việc giáo viên yêu cầu em đọc trước bài và chuẩn bị từ mới ở nhà cho mỗi bài đọc giúp em làm các bài tập hiệu quả hơn và nhớ từ hơn. 1 2 3 Không đồng ý không biết đồng ý 3. Theo em, làm các bài tập đọc hiểu trong SGK trên lớp theo hình thức nào là hiệu quả nhất? A. Cá nhân B. Cặp C. Nhóm 4. Nếu làm việc theo nhóm, em thích làm việc với: A. những bạn cùng trình độ B. những bạn giỏi hơn C. những bạn em hay chơi Xin cảm ơn sự hợp tác của em! Pl-3 Appendix 2: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE PHIẾU ĐIỀU TRA Mục đích của những câu hỏi dưới đây là để lấy ý kiến của em về bài học đọc hôm nay theo các hoạt động có sẵn trong sách giáo khoa. Hãy khoanh tròn phương án mà em thấy phù hợp nhất: I. Về ngôn ngữ 1. Bài đọc có nhiều từ mới. 1 2 3 Không đồng ý không biết đồng ý 2. Nội dung bài dễ hiểu vì nó phù hợp với hiểu biết của em. 1 2 3 Không đồng ý không biết đồng ý 3. Em có thể làm vì các bài tập không khó lắm 1 2 3 Không đồng ý không biết đồng ý 4. Em thấy cần bổ sung thêm các bài tập đọc hiểu khác 1 2 3 Không đồng ý không biết đồng ý Nếu em chọn đồng ý cần bổ sung bài tập, hãy chọn dạng bài tập mà em thấy hiệu quả nhất trong khi đọc bài khóa: A. Đọc bài khóa và trả lời câu hỏi B. Đọc bài khóa và điền từ còn thiếu vào chỗ trống C. Đọc bài khóa và chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho câu hỏi cho sẵn (bài tập trắc nghiệm) D. Đọc bài khóa và giải thích từ in nghiêng Pl-4 E. Đọc bài khóa và đưa từ tương đương trong Tiếng Việt F. Đọc bài khóa và chọn tiêu đề đúng nhất cho bài G. Đọc bài khóa và cho biết câu cho sẵn là đúng hay sai H. Đọc bài khóa và tìm từ hoặc cụm từ có cùng nghĩa với từ gạch chân I. Nối từ với định nghĩa đúng 5. Em có mong muốn gì đối với giáo viên về cách dạy bài này để giúp em tiếp thu bài tốt hơn? A. Giữ nguyên các hoạt động và yêu cầu học sinh hoàn thành tất cả các hoạt động đó B. Bỏ một số hoạt động. Cụ thể:..... C. Bổ sung một số hoạt động. Cụ thể:.. Xin cảm ơn sự hợp tác của em! Pl-5 Appendix 3: SURVEY FOR RESPONSE TO ADAPTATION PHIẾU ĐÁNH GIÁ Phiếu này để thăm dò ý kiến các em sau khi các em làm một số hoạt động đọc trong sách giáo khoa Tiếng Anh 11 đã được điều chỉnh. Em vui lòng cho biết ý kiến của mình về bài học đọc hôm nay. Hãy khoanh tròn phương án mà em thấy phù hợp nhất: 1. Hôm nay em chuẩn bị từ mới rất kỹ. 1 2 3 không đồng ý không biết đồng ý 2. Em thấy bài tập cho bài đọc hôm nay phù hợp với trình độ của em. 1 2 3 không đồng ý không biết đồng ý 3. Sau khi học xong em hiểu được nội dung bài đọc. 1 2 3 không đồng ý không biết đồng ý 4. Sau khi học xong em nắm được nhiều từ vựng. 1 2 3 không đồng ý không biết đồng ý Xin cảm ơn sự hợp tác của em! Pl-6 Appendix 4: PICTURES OF STUDENTS’ COMPLETING THE QUESTIONNAIRE CLASS 11D Pl-7 Pl-8 CLASS 11A Pl-9
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